|
|
THE STATE
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY
OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234 |
|
TO: |
EMSC-VESID Committee |
|
FROM: |
Jean C. Stevens
|
|
SUBJECT: |
Enrollment Patterns in Newly Created New York City
Public High Schools |
|
DATE: |
August 25, 2006
|
|
STRATEGIC
GOAL: |
Goals 1 and 2
|
|
AUTHORIZATION(S): |
|
SUMMARY
Issue for Information
For the past
several years, the New York City Department of Education has been committed to a
policy of replacing many of its large comprehensive high schools with new,
smaller learning communities. Chancellor Klein has asserted that results to date
show that, in these new high schools, attendance, credit accumulation, and
graduation rates are higher than in the schools that they have replaced.
However, critics of these small schools contend that these schools often serve
lower percentages of students with disabilities, limited English proficient
students and other students with academic needs than do other high schools.
These critics contend that this enrollment management is causing even greater
stress on the remaining comprehensive high schools. The following report
provides an analysis of recent high school enrollment patterns in New York City public
schools to determine whether comparable percentages of students with
disabilities (SWDs) and limited English proficient students (LEPs) are being
enrolled in new high schools.
Reason(s) for Consideration
To provide contextual information to members of the Board of Regents as
they implement their high school graduation initiative.
Proposed Handling
For
Information.
Procedural History
Not applicable.
Background Information
During the 2005-2006 school year,
the New York City Department of Education operated over 350 public high
schools. Of those, 116 are schools
that had opened in the past three years and generally had not yet graduated
their first class of students. The
State Education Department compared the enrollment of students with disabilities
and limited English proficient students in these schools with two categories of
established New York
City high schools: those with enrollments of fewer than
700 and those with enrollments greater than 700. Department staff found that, Citywide
and in each borough, during the 2005-2006 school year the new schools on average
enrolled lower percentages of students with disabilities than did the large high
schools. In contrast, Citywide
during the 2004-2005 school year, the latest year for which such data has been
reported, higher percentages of limited English proficient students attended new
schools than attended large high schools. This was attributable in part to the
fact that four of the new schools exclusively served limited English proficient
students.
Recommendation
Not applicable.
Timetable for Implementation
Not applicable.
Analysis of Students with Disabilities and
Limited English Proficient Student Enrollment Patterns in New York City Public
High Schools
Methodology
Department staff reviewed enrollment data submitted by the New York City
Department of Education as reported on the 2005-2006 BEDS survey. Schools for which enrollments in grades
9, 10, 11, or 12 were reported were selected for analysis. After junior high schools that do not
serve students above grade nine and alternative high schools were removed from
the list, the remaining schools were classified as either “new schools,”
generally schools that enrolled students in grades 9, 10, and/or 11 but not 12
in 2005-2006; “small high schools,” those that served students in grade 12 and
had enrollments of less than 700, and “large high schools,” those that served
students in grade 12 and had enrollment of more than 700.
The number of students with
disabilities reported as enrolled in a school on BEDS day 2005 was compared to
the school’s total BEDS day 2005 enrollment. The number of limited English proficient
students enrolled in 2004-05, as reported in October 2005, was compared to the
school enrollment for the 2004-05 school year. In cases where a school served students
below grade 9, the number of students with disabilities or limited English
proficient students was adjusted in proportion to the percentage of the school’s
total enrollment reported in grades 9-12.
Appendix A provides, for each New York City high school analyzed, the
category in which the school was placed, the school’s 2004-2005 and 2005-2006
school year enrollments, the number of students with disabilities attributed to
the school for the 2005-2006 school year, and the number of limited English
proficient students attributed to the school for the 2004-2005 school year.
Findings
General
·
For this analysis, SED staff classified 116 New
York City high schools as “new”; 125 as “small” existing high schools with
enrollments of less than 700; and 99 high schools as “large,” having enrollment
of at least 700 (Table 1).
·
The Bronx had the most “new schools,” 44,
followed by Brooklyn with 38 and Manhattan with 22 (Table 1).
·
Manhattan had the
most existing “small” high schools with 47, followed by the Bronx with 38 and
Brooklyn with 25.
·
Brooklyn had the highest number of “large” high
schools with 35, followed by Queens with 25 and Manhattan with 20.
·
The overwhelming majority of New York City students
continue to be enrolled in “large” high schools, with 221,760 out of 296,075
students enrolled in “large” schools in 2005-06 (Table 2). In fact 54% of the entire New York City high school population is enrolled in the 50
New York City
public schools that enroll over 2,000 students.
Students with Disabilities
- Citywide, New York City reported
that students with disabilities represented 11.0% of enrollment in grades 9-12
in 2005-2006. Students with
disabilities comprised 8.9% of enrollment in “new schools,” 11.0% of
enrollment in “large schools” and 11.6% of enrollment in “small schools”
(Table 2).
- According to
calculations performed on data from Table 2, in 2005-2006 students in new
schools comprised 8.0% of high school enrollment but only 6.5% of the high
school students with diabilities enrollment. Had students with disabilities been
enrolled in the same proportion as in total enrollment, the new high schools
would have enrolled approximately 2,600 rather than 2,100 students with
disabilities.
- The
biggest disparity between “large schools” and “new schools” in the enrollment
of students with disabilities occurred in the Bronx, where students with disabilities comprised 15.9%
of “large school” enrollment, but only 10.1% of “new school” enrollment. The smallest observed was in Manhattan where students
with disabilities enrollment in “large schools” was 9.2% and in “small
schools” was 7.8% (Table 2).
- Citywide, students with
disabilities comprised at least 10% of school enrollment in 35% of “new
schools.” In contrast, in “large schools” students with disabilities comprised
at least 10% of enrollment in 59% of schools. In established “small schools,”
65% had a students with disabilities enrollment of at least 10% (Table
3).
Limited English
Proficient Students
- Citywide, New York City reported
that limited English proficient students represented 11.1% of enrollment in
grades 9-12 in 2004-2005. LEP
students comprised 13.7% of enrollment in “new schools,” 11.0% of enrollment
in “large schools” and 11.1 percent of enrollment in “small schools” (Table
5).
- According to
calculations performed on data from Table 5, in 2004-2005 students in “new
schools” comprised 4.2% of high school enrollment but 5.1% of the high school
LEP enrollment. Had LEP students
been enrolled in the same proportion as total enrollment, the “new” high
schools would have enrolled approximately 300 fewer LEP students. It should be noted that, among the
“new schools,” were four in which 100% of the students were LEP. These schools enrolled 410 students in
2004-05. If these students were
excluded, the LEP population in “new schools” would have been 10.6%, slightly
lower than the Citywide average.
Conclusions
- The
majority of New York City high school students
continue to be educated in large schools, particularly in Staten Island,
Brooklyn, and Queens. The small school movement is most
pronounced in the Bronx and Manhattan, where over 42.8% of students now
attend “new schools” or “small schools.” Schools in both of these groups
enroll fewer than 700 students (Table 2).
·
Citywide and in The Bronx, Brooklyn, and
Manhattan, “new
schools” enroll lower percentages of students with disabilities than do
established schools.
·
The impact of this disproportional enrollment
pattern for students with disabilities is modest in terms of established
schools. It appears that this
disproportionately increases students with disabilities enrollment in
established schools by less than two percent. However, in some schools,
particularly in the Bronx, the impact on
established schools is likely to be more pronounced.
·
“New schools” in New York City enroll higher percentages of LEP
students than do established schools. This occurs because a number of “new
schools” were established to serve exclusively LEP students and many “new
schools” are located in the Bronx, which has a
higher percentage of LEP students than other boroughs.
·
The impact of new schools on established schools
in Queens and Staten Island appears
negligible. The impact is most
pronounced in the Bronx and in certain portions of Brooklyn. As
more new schools are established and the number of large comprehensive schools
decreases, it is possible that this effect could be amplified in the future.
Table 1
Distribution of Schools According to Percentage of
Students with Disabilities
|
Percentage of Students with
Disabilities |
NEW |
LARGE |
SMALL |
|
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
|
0.00-4.99% |
8 |
7 |
7 |
2 |
0 |
24 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
10 |
3 |
6 |
9 |
5 |
0 |
23 |
|
5.00 -
9.99% |
17 |
17 |
8 |
8 |
1 |
51 |
8 |
0 |
8 |
13 |
1 |
30 |
3 |
4 |
7 |
6 |
1 |
21 |
|
10.00 -
14.99% |
11 |
11 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
27 |
14 |
2 |
9 |
7 |
2 |
34 |
11 |
16 |
16 |
3 |
0 |
46 |
|
15.00 -
19.99% |
0 |
8 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
9 |
5 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
20 |
6 |
6 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
22 |
|
>20.00% |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
2 |
6 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
|
TOTAL |
38 |
44 |
22 |
11 |
1 |
116 |
35 |
12 |
20 |
25 |
7 |
99 |
25 |
38 |
47 |
14 |
1 |
125 |
Table 2
Students with Disabilities in New, Large, and Small
Schools
|
GROUP |
|
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
Grand
Total |
|
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
|
NEW |
SWD
Students 9-12 (05 -06) |
674 |
8.5% |
916 |
10.1% |
292 |
7.8% |
207 |
7.7% |
11 |
9.6% |
2,100 |
8.9% |
|
Total
Students 9-12 (05-06) |
7972 |
|
9,113 |
|
3,745 |
|
2,686 |
|
114 |
|
23,630 |
|
|
LARGE |
SWD
Students 9-12 (05 -06) |
8,398 |
11.1% |
4,489 |
15.9% |
3,183 |
9.2% |
6,195 |
9.3% |
2,237 |
13.7% |
24,502 |
11.0% |
|
Total
Students 9-12 (05-06) |
75,507 |
|
28,168 |
|
34,783 |
|
66,962 |
|
16,340 |
|
221,760 |
|
|
SMALL |
SWD
Students 9-12 (05 -06) |
1,244 |
13.1% |
2,047 |
13.0% |
2,130 |
11.5% |
421 |
6.4% |
38 |
8.7% |
5,880 |
11.6% |
|
Total
Students 9-12 (05-06) |
9,486 |
|
15,755 |
|
18,468 |
|
6,537 |
|
439 |
|
50,685 |
|
|
TOTAL |
SWD
Students 9-12 (05 -06) |
10,316 |
11.1% |
7,452 |
14.1% |
5,605 |
9.8% |
6,823 |
9.0% |
2,286 |
13.5% |
32,482 |
11.0% |
|
Total
Students 9-12 (05-06) |
92,965 |
|
53,036 |
|
56,996 |
|
76,185 |
|
16,893 |
|
296,075 |
|
Table 3
Percentage of All Students with
Disabilities in Schools Categorized by Percentage of Students with
Disabilities
|
Percentage of Students with
Disabilities in School |
NEW |
LARGE |
SMALL |
|
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
|
0.00-4.99% |
21% |
16% |
32% |
18% |
0% |
21% |
11% |
8% |
10% |
8% |
14% |
10% |
12% |
16% |
19% |
36% |
0% |
18% |
|
5.00 -
9.99% |
45% |
39% |
36% |
73% |
100% |
44% |
23% |
0% |
40% |
52% |
14% |
30% |
12% |
11% |
15% |
43% |
100% |
17% |
|
10.00 -
14.99% |
29% |
25% |
18% |
9% |
0% |
23% |
40% |
17% |
45% |
28% |
29% |
34% |
44% |
42% |
34% |
21% |
0% |
37% |
|
15.00 -
19.99% |
0% |
18% |
14% |
0% |
0% |
9% |
26% |
42% |
5% |
12% |
29% |
20% |
24% |
16% |
21% |
0% |
0% |
18% |
|
>20.00% |
5% |
2% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
3% |
0% |
33% |
0% |
0% |
14% |
5% |
8% |
16% |
11% |
0% |
0% |
10% |
|
TOTAL |
38 |
44 |
22 |
11 |
1 |
116 |
35 |
12 |
20 |
25 |
7 |
99 |
25 |
38 |
47 |
14 |
1 |
125 |
Table 4
Distribution of schools According to Percentage of
LEP Students
|
Percentage of LEP
Students |
NEW |
LARGE |
SMALL |
|
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
|
0.00-4.99% |
14 |
4 |
6 |
4 |
0 |
28 |
20 |
1 |
7 |
5 |
5 |
38 |
13 |
7 |
21 |
12 |
1 |
54 |
|
5.00 -
9.99% |
4 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
14 |
4 |
4 |
7 |
7 |
2 |
24 |
4 |
11 |
16 |
1 |
0 |
32 |
|
10.00 -
14.99% |
5 |
8 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
19 |
6 |
3 |
2 |
5 |
0 |
16 |
6 |
10 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
|
15.00 -
19.99% |
2 |
4 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
7 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
9 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
|
>20.00% |
5 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
15 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
5 |
0 |
12 |
1 |
5 |
6 |
1 |
0 |
13 |
|
N/A |
8 |
14 |
6 |
4 |
1 |
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
TOTAL |
38 |
44 |
22 |
11 |
1 |
116 |
35 |
12 |
20 |
25 |
7 |
99 |
25 |
38 |
47 |
14 |
1 |
125 |
Table 5
Limited English Proficient Students in New, Large,
and Small Schools
|
GROUP |
|
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
Grand
Total |
|
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
|
NEW |
LEP
Students 9-12 (04-05) |
522 |
11.9% |
587 |
13.2% |
336 |
18.4% |
228 |
14.4% |
0 |
0.0% |
1,673 |
13.7% |
|
Total
Students 9-12 (04-05) |
4377 |
|
4,441 |
|
1,822 |
|
1,580 |
|
0 |
|
12,220 |
|
|
LARGE |
LEP
Students 9-12 (04-05) |
7,299 |
9.5% |
4,594 |
14.4% |
3,624 |
10.0% |
9,115 |
13.4% |
627 |
3.9% |
25,259 |
11.0% |
|
Total
Students 9-12 (04-05) |
76,739 |
|
31,884 |
|
36,240 |
|
67,996 |
|
16,136 |
|
228,995 |
|
|
SMALL |
LEP
Students 9-12 (04-05) |
913 |
8.0% |
2,162 |
14.5% |
2,221 |
12.0% |
452 |
6.7% |
3 |
0.7% |
5,751 |
11.1% |
|
Total
Students 9-12 (04-05) |
11,372 |
|
14,873 |
|
18,506 |
|
6,742 |
|
417 |
|
51,910 |
|
|
TOTAL |
LEP
Students 9-12 (04-05) |
8,734 |
9.4% |
7,343 |
14.3% |
6,181 |
10.9% |
9,795 |
12.8% |
630 |
3.8% |
32,683 |
11.1% |
|
Total
Students 9-12 (04-05) |
92,488 |
|
51,198 |
|
56,568 |
|
76,318 |
|
16,553 |
|
293,125 |
|
Table 6
Percentage of All LEP Students in Schools Categorized
by Percentage of LEP Students
|
Percentage of LEP Students in
School |
NEW |
LARGE |
SMALL |
|
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
BROOKLYN |
BRONX |
MANHATTAN |
QUEENS |
STATEN
ISLAND |
TOTAL |
|
0.00-4.99% |
47% |
13% |
38% |
57% |
0% |
34% |
57% |
8% |
35% |
20% |
71% |
38% |
54% |
18% |
45% |
86% |
100% |
44% |
|
5.00 -
9.99% |
13% |
23% |
13% |
14% |
0% |
17% |
11% |
33% |
35% |
28% |
29% |
24% |
17% |
29% |
34% |
7% |
0% |
26% |
|
10.00 -
14.99% |
17% |
27% |
38% |
0% |
0% |
23% |
17% |
25% |
10% |
20% |
0% |
16% |
25% |
26% |
9% |
0% |
0% |
16% |
|
15.00 -
19.99% |
7% |
13% |
0% |
14% |
0% |
8% |
6% |
17% |
10% |
12% |
0% |
9% |
0% |
13% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
4% |
|
>20.00% |
17% |
23% |
13% |
14% |
0% |
18% |
9% |
17% |
10% |
20% |
0% |
12% |
4% |
13% |
13% |
7% |
0% |
10% |
|
TOTAL |
30 |
30 |
16 |
7 |
0 |
83 |
35 |
12 |
20 |
25 |
7 |
99 |
24 |
38 |
47 |
14 |
1 |
124 |
Appendix A
List of New, Large, and Small Schools Sorted by BEDS
Code
|
BEDS |
SCHOOL |
GROUP |
BOROUGH |
ENROLL
(05-06) |
SWD |
%SWD |
ENROLL
(04-05) |
LEP |
%LEP |
|
310100011292 |
HENRY
STREET SCH |
NEW |
MANHATTAN |
156 |
30 |
19.2% |
78 |
16 |
20.5% |
|
310100011448 |
UNIVERSITY NEIGHBORHOOD
HS |
SMALL |
MANHATTAN |
478 |
69 |
14.4% |
407 |
37 |
9.1% |
|
310100011450 |
EAST
SIDE COMM HS |
SMALL |
MANHATTAN |
316 |
77 |
24.4% |
316 |
20 |
6.3% |
|
310100011509 |
C M S
P - MARTE
VALLE SEC. SCHOOL |
SMALL |
MANHATTAN |
374 |
89 |
23.8% |
355 |
51 |
14.4% |
|
310100011539 |
NEW
EXPLORATIONS SCI, TECH & MATH |
SMALL |
MANHATTAN |
189 |
10 |
5.3% |
154 |
